Organization of Educational Activities and Their Control

The modern education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan functions as an integrated complex of legal, organizational, and pedagogical mechanisms aimed at ensuring high-quality teaching and upbringing. The central role in regulating this sphere belongs to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Education” (Law No. ZRU-637 of 23.09.2020), which establishes the legal status of educational institutions, defines the forms and standards of educational activities, and sets out mechanisms for state control and monitoring.

Educational institutions in Uzbekistan are established as legal entities and operate on the basis of their charters and founding documents. Their structure may include pedagogical councils, boards of trustees, and other forms of public governance. Non-state (private) educational institutions operate on the basis of a license or notification (for certain types of activities), which ensures the legal legitimacy of their educational services.

The organization of educational activities is based on state educational standards and requirements, which define the structure and content of teaching, as well as the level of professional training of students. Special attention is given to the introduction of innovative technologies and experimental programs, allowing for modernization of the learning process.

Development of Curricula and Programs

Curricula are developed depending on the level of education and approved by the respective ministries (the Ministry of Preschool and School Education, and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Innovation). State universities with financial autonomy may approve their own programs, focusing on professional standards and labor market requirements.

Curricula include academic schedules, a list of subjects, the scope of practical training, and forms of assessment. The imposition of additional subjects not provided for by law is prohibited, ensuring transparency and academic freedom in the educational process.

Transparency and Openness of Educational Activities

The law requires that educational institutions publish information about their activities on their official websites. This includes the charter, license, standards and requirements, information on material and technical resources, institutional rankings, accreditation status, and scientific activities. Thus, openness to society and oversight by both the state and civil society are ensured.

Admission and Targeted Enrollment

The admission process is regulated by the principles of equality and transparency. In some educational institutions (universities, lyceums, presidential schools), a competitive system is applied. There is also a mechanism for targeted enrollment, where admission is carried out under agreements between state institutions, employers, and citizens to meet regional demand for specialists.

Quality Control and State Accreditation

State control in the field of education is carried out through:

• Monitoring of the education system – regular collection and analysis of data on teaching quality, learning conditions, and performance dynamics;
• Attestation of educational institutions – verification of compliance with standards and requirements;
• State accreditation – recognition of an educational institution as authorized to issue state-standard diplomas;
• Comprehensive and special accreditation – evaluation of universities, colleges, lyceums, and retraining centers.

Control is carried out by authorized republican bodies, which may revoke accreditation certificates in case of violations. An important element is also internal and external quality assessment: educational institutions conduct self-assessments, the results of which are then subject to independent expert review.

Problems and Prospects of Control in the Education System

Despite the existence of a regulatory framework, challenges remain, such as:

• the need for broader implementation of digital monitoring,
• integration of international accreditation standards,
• ensuring independence of control bodies from administrative pressure,
• strengthening the role of civil society in quality monitoring.

Promising areas include the development of online platforms for educational quality assessment, expanded cooperation with international accreditation agencies, and the introduction of dual education forms, combining theory and practice.

The organization and control of educational activities in Uzbekistan are based on the principles of openness, transparency, and alignment with international quality standards. The Law “On Education” enshrines legal mechanisms that balance academic freedom with state oversight. The introduction of innovative teaching methods, increased transparency, and strengthening of independent monitoring are key to further modernization of the country’s educational system.

Organization of Educational Activities and Control in the Education System of Uzbekistan

Level / Subject	Main Functions in Organizing Educational Activities	Main Functions in Control and Accreditation
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan	- Implementation of unified state education policy - Approval of state programs - Determination of licensing, accreditation, and attestation procedures - Establishment of admission, transfer, and reinstatement rules for students - Defining the list of professions and fields of education	- Oversight of implementation of state programs - Revocation of licenses and accreditations in case of violations - Establishing institutional rankings
Ministry of Preschool and School Education	- Development and approval of standards for general secondary education - Organization of schools, lyceums, and extracurricular institutions - Preparation of curricula and programs	- Supervision of compliance with general education standards - Attestation and accreditation of schools and lyceums - Monitoring the quality of the educational process
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Innovation	- Development of standards and qualification requirements for universities and colleges - Training of highly qualified personnel - Organization of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs - Introduction of innovative technologies in education	- Conducting comprehensive and special accreditation of universities, colleges, and lyceums - Monitoring the quality of personnel training - Recognition of foreign education documents
Local Authorities (Hokimiyats, Council of Ministers of Karakalpakstan)	- Establishment, reorganization, and liquidation of schools and extracurricular institutions - Defining catchment areas for schools - Development of public-private partnerships in education	- Local supervision of the quality of the educational process - Preparation of proposals for eliminating violations
Educational Institutions (schools, universities, colleges, lyceums, retraining centers)	- Development and implementation of curricula and programs - Organization of learning, upbringing, and internships - Provision for inclusive and distance learning - Maintenance of charters and internal regulations	- Internal self-assessment of activities - Preparation for accreditation and attestation - Ensuring openness and transparency (publishing information online) - Responsibility of administrators for data accuracy
Non-State (Private) Educational Institutions	- Provision of educational services under a license or notification - Development of own programs within legal requirements - Issuance of diplomas (upon accreditation)	- Compliance with licensing conditions - Attestation and accreditation for issuing state-standard diplomas - Oversight by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Innovation

 

Licensing of Educational Activities

Licensing is a mandatory procedure for non-state (private) educational institutions to obtain authorization to provide educational services. It guarantees that the institution has sufficient human, material, and organizational resources.

Key Provisions:

• Issuing authorities: Ministry of Preschool and School Education (for preschools, schools, extracurricular institutions) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Innovation (for colleges, universities, retraining, and advanced training).
• Validity period: licenses are issued indefinitely (unlike the old practice of temporary licenses).
• Types of education requiring a license:
  • preschool (except family non-state/private institutions operating under notification),
  • general secondary and specialized secondary,
  • vocational,
  • higher,
  • postgraduate education.
• Notification procedure: for extracurricular education, family preschools, and retraining/advanced training courses, activities may begin after notification to the competent authority (no license required).
• Grounds for revocation: violation of licensing conditions, non-compliance with standards, serious violations of legislation.

Accreditation of Educational Institutions

Accreditation is the state’s recognition that an educational institution complies with established standards and is authorized to issue state-standard diplomas.

Types of Accreditation:

• State accreditation
  • Mandatory for all educational institutions.
  • Confirms the right to issue state-standard diplomas and certificates.
• Comprehensive accreditation
  • Conducted for universities, colleges, lyceums, and retraining institutions.
  • Evaluates training quality and compliance with state standards.
• Special accreditation
  • Conducted before the start of academic programs.
  • Verifies readiness of the institution to launch educational activities.

Procedure:

1. Internal evaluation (self-assessment): the institution analyzes its compliance with standards and prepares a report.
2. External evaluation: carried out by competent state bodies or international accreditation agencies recognized in Uzbekistan.
3. Commission decision: a permanent commission at the ministries issues an accreditation certificate indicating its validity period.

Grounds for revocation:

• violations of law or certificate conditions,
• failure to comply with official orders,
• liquidation or reorganization of the institution.

Results:

• Inclusion in the register of accredited institutions.
• Right to issue state-standard diplomas and certificates.
• Recognition in international quality systems (if international accreditation is obtained).

 

Comparative Table: Licensing and Accreditation

Criterion	Licensing	Accreditation
Subjects	Non-state (private) educational institutions	All educational institutions
Purpose	Authorization to conduct educational activities	Confirmation of quality and compliance with standards
Stage	Before starting activities	After starting activities (and periodically)
Authorities	Ministry of Preschool and School Education; Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Innovation	Same authorities + international accreditation organizations
Document	License	Accreditation certificate
Validity	Indefinite	Limited, specified in certificate
Absence consequences	Prohibited from providing educational services	No right to issue state-standard diplomas and certificates